Attention refers to the ability of a person's mental activity to point to and focus on something. "Attention" is an old and eternal topic. Russian educator Wushensky has pointed out brilliantly: "'Attention' is the only portal of our soul. Everything in consciousness must pass through it." Attention refers to the direction of human psychological activities to certain things in the outside world. And concentration. The ability to pay attention is called attention.
definition
Explained from the second terminology of life morphology, it is the ability of the five information channels of vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste to pay attention to objective things.
Divided from the use of channels
Visual attention, auditory attention, and touch are aided by attention.
Divide from the starting point of communication
Visual active attention, visual passive attention, auditory active attention, and auditory passive attention.
Dividing from the state of the spatial position of the communication object
Visual active dynamic attention, visual passive dynamic attention, auditory active dynamic attention, and auditory passive dynamic attention.
Divided from the semantic function
Listening to the use of the system and the use of the system.
Relationship with memory
Attention is the foundation of memory, and memory is the result of attention. Without good attention, there is no good memory, and good memory is based on good attention.
Psychological interpretation
Attention is the point and concentration of mental activity on certain objects. It is a common psychological feature accompanying psychological processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and imagination. Note that there are two basic characteristics, one is directivity, which means that psychological activities selectively reflect some phenomena and leave the rest of the objects. The second is concentration, which refers to the intensity or tension of psychological activities staying on the selected objects. Directivity is expressed as the choice of many stimuli that appear at the same time; concentration is manifested as inhibition of interfering stimuli. Its production and its extent and duration depend on the characteristics of external stimuli and the subjective factors of human beings.
Note that it usually refers to selective attention, that is, the tendency to selectively process certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli. It is the human's feelings (visual, auditory, taste, etc.) and perception (consciousness, thinking, etc.) at the same time the choice and concentration of certain objects (excluding other factors). When people are paying attention to what, they are always perceiving, remembering, thinking, imagining or experiencing something. People can't perceive many objects at the same time, they can only perceive a few objects in the environment. To obtain a clear, profound and complete reflection of things, it is necessary to make psychological activities selectively point to the relevant objects. When people are awake, every moment they always pay attention to something. Often the so-called "no attention" is nothing more than paying attention to what is currently pointing, and paying attention to other unrelated things.
Conceptual definition
Pay attention to the whole psychological process from beginning to end. Only by noticing certain things first, it is possible to further gather training, memory and thinking.
Note includes passive attention (also known as inadvertent attention) and active attention (also known as casual attention).
Attention is one of the five basic factors of intelligence. It is the state of preparation of memory, observation, imagination, and thinking. Therefore, attention is called the portal of the soul.
Attention is an intentional activity. It does not reflect the characteristics and laws of objective things like cognition, but it is inseparable from various cognitive activities. It plays a leading role in various cognitive activities. All mental activities of people are always associated with attention.
Because of attention, people can concentrate on clearly perceiving certain things, thinking deeply about certain problems without being disturbed by other things; without paying attention, people's various intellectual factors, observation, memory, imagination, and thinking will Lost control without a certain amount of support.
Cause of formation
Usually, there is several reasons for the lack of concentration.
Physiological reasons--Because the child's brain development is imperfect, the nervous system excitement and inhibition process development is unbalanced, so the self-control ability is poor. This is normal, as long as it is well-educated, as the age increases, most children can concentrate.
Pathological reasons--Children have mild brain tissue damage, abnormal brain neurotransmitter metabolism, and children with hearing or visual impairments are mistaken for deafness, not paying attention or turning a blind eye. These conditions require treatment under the guidance of a specialist to improve.
Environmental reasons - many candies, caffeinated beverages or foods with artificial colors, additives, preservatives can stimulate your child's mood and influence your concentration. In addition, children's learning environment is confusing, noisy, and too much interference will affect the child's attention.
Parent education methods - parents can self-examination from these aspects: 1 Is the parental parenting attitude consistent? 2 Is it too pampered with children, so that children lack behavioral norms? 3Do you buy too many toys or books for children? 4Does family life pace? Too fast to make the child unable to adapt? 5 Is there too much activity at home, can not provide a quiet environment for children? 6 Have you accumulated unpleasant experience in the process of learning? For example, the child's level cannot keep up with the teacher's parents' requirements, and the child's attention is not Good time adults give reinforcements and so on. 7 Do children have emotional stress? Are there too many criticisms and countdowns?
Psychological reasons - in order to attract the attention of others, get attention, or in order to escape the excessive burden of parents, they subconsciously achieve some goals through some behaviors.
In the past we thought that ADHD was associated with the prefrontal lobe of the brain. However, in fact, most people suffering from ADHD are due to the cerebellum not functioning properly. Studies in the past 20 years have found that people with cerebellar dysplasia have symptoms of ADHD. The cerebellar activity of ADHD patients was also found to be low by functional scans.
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