How to do environmental protection for pathology laboratory?
In recent years, the rapid development of pathology technology, the emergence of new technologies for pathological diagnosis and research, not only improve the correct rate of pathological diagnosis, but also improve the research level of the etiology, pathological changes and regularity of disease development. . It cannot be ignored that the emission of harmful substances such as exhaust gas and waste liquid and medical waste generated in the pathology laboratory also causes environmental pollution. Improve the working environment, avoid environmental pollution, maintain public safety and ensure the health of laboratory staff.
First, the laboratory's environmental safety
In addition to feeling that the patient's specimens are dirty and smell different, the rational laboratory may ignore the danger that may have been caused to people. Pathology laboratory safety is one of the important contents of laboratory management. Pathological biopsy organization inspection is a procedural and complicated work, so each work needs to be carried out in a specific work room. The pathology laboratory must consider its particularity in the design, especially when it is a new, rebuilt or expanded pathology laboratory, which needs to be equipped with complete safety protection and environmental protection facilities.
1. The working area of ​​the laboratory is mainly divided into contaminated areas, semi-polluted areas and non-polluted areas. These areas should be clearly separated and connected to each other without interference and pollution.
(1) Contaminated area: The source of pollution is mainly the specimens sent for clinical examination and the chemical reagents belonging to dangerous goods.
The receiving and receiving room, the drawing room, the storage room, the frozen slice making room, the cytology smear making room and the autopsy anatomy room of the sample to be sent for inspection are all contaminated areas, and disinfection devices such as ultraviolet lamps should be installed and disinfected every day; Ventilation facilities, exhausting harmful exhaust gases such as formaldehyde.
(2) Semi-polluted area: The chemical source mainly belongs to dangerous chemicals.
The production technology laboratory includes tissue processing laboratory, tissue embedding laboratory, paraffin tissue sectioning room, HE staining and other staining laboratories as well as some related technical laboratories, pathological diagnosis room, tissue section and wax block storage room, and general specimen preparation. Rooms and showrooms are semi-contaminated areas, and good ventilation facilities should be installed to remove harmful exhaust gases.
(3) Non-polluted areas: There should be no biological and chemical pollutants in the non-polluted areas, but good ventilation facilities should also be installed to keep the indoor air fresh. (Text archives, photography studios, offices and lounges are non-polluting areas)
2, equipped with the necessary facilities for the laboratory, in the event of an accident can be treated and treated in the shortest possible time, so that the damage to the laboratory staff and the damage suffered by the laboratory is minimized.
(1) Work protective clothing such as work clothes, gloves, masks, glasses, masks, etc., for use by the laboratory. (2) Install the spray equipment.
(3) Install a special ventilation counter (local ventilation), which is used to take materials, prepare and use harmful chemical reagents, so that the harmful exhaust gas generated in the work can be discharged from the fume hood without being distributed to the entire laboratory. At the same time, the laboratory is also equipped with good ventilation facilities such as exhaust fans (full room ventilation) to discharge harmful exhaust gases from the laboratory. (4) Laboratory with pollutants should be fixed on the ceiling or wall by installing an ultraviolet lamp (about 2.5 meters from the ground) for disinfection.
(5) The laboratory shall be equipped with a sufficient number of fire-fighting equipment and facilities. Fire-fighting equipment shall not be used for other purposes. No debris shall be piled up in the stairs or corridors to ensure the smooth passage of fire-fighting passages.
(6) It is equipped with a medicine box such as disinfectant water and hemostatic post for emergency use.
Second, strengthen laboratory sewage management, maintain environmental and public safety
As living conditions gradually improve, people's health awareness continues to increase, and they are increasingly concerned about their living environment. The discharge of laboratory waste gas, waste liquid, medical waste, etc. and its pollution to the environment have increasingly attracted the attention of the society. If you do not pay attention to environmental protection, medical waste and harmful chemicals will be directly mixed into domestic garbage, and the toxic waste liquid generated by the laboratory will be directly discharged into ordinary domestic sewage, which will bring greater pollution to the environment. It poses a serious hazard to human health. The pollution produced by pathology laboratories is mainly pollution of dangerous goods, medical waste and exhaust gas.
1. Dangerous goods pollution: Many chemicals used in laboratories are dangerous goods, including: baozha products, flammable liquids, flammable solids, pyrophoric materials and wet flammable materials, oxidants and organic peroxides, poisons Infectious articles, corrosives, compressed gases and liquefied gases are classified as dangerous goods.
(1) Carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1, benzidine (DAB), etc.
(2) Highly toxic reagents such as chloroform, aniline, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, sodium azide.
(3) Poisoning reagents such as benzene, sulfuric acid, formaldehyde, methanol, and xylene.
(4) Low toxicity reagents such as n-butanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl acyl, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide, ammonia and ammonium hydroxide, trinitrophenol, hydroquinone, and hydroxide Dangerous goods such as potassium, hydrochloric acid, ether, acetone, etc., which have been discarded, including solid reagents and waste liquids, should be collected separately in a special closed container, labeled with a label, and transported by the hospital. The container should be protected against leakage and prevent the leakage of volatile gases and cause environmental pollution. Some waste liquids, such as ethanol, can be discharged into the sewers after being diluted to meet the discharge requirements. Conditional recycling of waste liquid can be recycled. For example, using CBG liquid reagent recovery instrument, reagents such as formalin, xylene and ethanol which are commonly used and used can be recovered, and at least 90% of the reagents can be reused. The production of laboratory waste.
2. Medical waste: Laboratory waste is mainly divided into domestic garbage and medical waste.
(1) Domestic garbage: Wastes in the life of office waste and laboratory workers are generally collected in black plastic bags.
(2) Medical waste: There are mainly the following three types, which are stored in special yellow garbage bags.
a: Dyeing waste: items such as containers contaminated by patient tissues, body fluids, secretions, and excretions, and disposable medical supplies and instruments after use.
b: pathological waste: human tissues, organs, body fluids, secretions, excretions discarded after clinical examination, tissues of medical laboratory animals, corpses and discarded human tissues, pathological tissue wax blocks, etc.
C: Injured waste: A discarded medical sharp device capable of stabbing or cutting a human body, such as a knife for anatomical and material extraction, a blade, a blade for tissue sectioning, a slide glass, a cover glass, a glass container, and the like. After storing the sharp collection box, place a yellow garbage bag and seal it into a second yellow garbage bag. The medical waste produced by the laboratory shall be placed in the specified garbage bags or packaging materials separately, and collected separately and cannot be mixed and collected. Before collecting medical waste, the garbage bags or packaging materials should be carefully inspected to ensure no damage or leakage. And other damage.
3. Exhaust gas pollution: The laboratory exhaust gas is mainly used to test the odor and harmful gases such as formaldehyde and xylene produced by some chemical reagents. These exhaust gases are concentrated in the laboratory and are harmful to people. They should be exhausted through the fume hood. , to avoid distribution to the laboratory. After the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside, due to the low concentration, the air pollution is not very large, but it should be discharged at a high place. The low-level laboratory should not directly discharge the window. If the condition is exhausted, the exhaust gas should be filtered and discharged.
Third, strengthen the management of the laboratory to prevent accidents
The pathology laboratory stores and uses a large number of chemical reagents, which are dangerous goods, which are easy to cause injury and cause fire. The preserved archives such as text materials and tissues are flammable products. Therefore, special attention must be paid to laboratory safety and environmental protection. Management work. Do a good job in the safety education of laboratory staff to improve safety awareness and self-prevention ability. Be careful and take the lead.
1. Each laboratory shall formulate corresponding regulations on laboratory safety and environmental protection. The person in charge shall be responsible for safety and environmental protection work, conduct regular inspections, and find problems in a timely manner.
2. Staff members should receive training before entering the laboratory to understand the operation of the laboratory, master safe operation skills and improve self-protection.
3, flammable, explosive, toxic and other dangerous goods should be stored in special reagent cabinets and warehouses, the place to store flammable, explosive materials should have a "no fireworks" warning. The drug should be kept by a special person and be used for registration. Do not store too many dangerous chemicals in the laboratory.
4. As far as possible, the laboratory should use non-toxic, harmless or low-toxic, low-harming reagents to replace agents with high toxicity and serious damage.
5. The experimental utensils, packaging materials, etc. that have been exposed to dangerous goods must be completely removed before they can be used or discarded.
6, do a good job of disinfection. Laboratory staff can wash their hands with hand sanitizer and disinfect the skin with 75% ethanol; the laboratory environment can be disinfected by ultraviolet light irradiation, formaldehyde gas fumigation, etc.; Anatomical, material used equipment, experimental work surface can be used with chlorhexidine, peracetic acid Soak or wipe disinfection with disinfectant such as disinfectant.
7. Pressure vessels such as autoclave equipment and compressed gas cylinders must be reserved for the purpose of storage and guidance.
8. Water, electricity, doors and windows must be closed before work, and toxic chemicals should be kept in custody.
Reference materials:
Safety Management Network: "Pathology Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety Protection"
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