Analysis of Domestic Ink Industry Development (I)

Printing ink is one of the most important and critical materials in printing materials. The choice of ink and the quality of printing ink directly affect the function of printed products and the quality of products. With the development of modern printing in the direction of rapid, multi-color printing, New requirements for ink manufacturing. According to the analysis of the relevant departments, although the domestic ink color variety has increased and the output has increased year by year, but production is insufficient, it is still necessary to rely on the import of a certain amount of ink to meet domestic needs. Among them, high-grade four-color inks, gold and silver inks, and various special inks account for 85% of the total imported inks. Imported inks occupy most of China's markets with their performance and brand advantages. Many printing companies accept imported inks when they accept high-grade prints and special prints to satisfy the customers' pursuit of product quality, while domestic inks can only cope with general and low-grade print production. Domestic inks occupy a part of the market at a price that is much lower than imported inks. Although Chinese printing companies use hardware devices that are synchronized with the international market, it is difficult to achieve international quality in terms of product quality. Over time, imported inks are formed. Dependency. The domestic ink must occupy and stabilize the market only if the quality and performance improve as soon as possible in order to achieve the effect of imported ink.

First, the research and development of ink should focus on independent innovation

The basic conditions of the domestic ink industry are the small scale of the company, the duplication of product production, and the excess production capacity of low-grade products. The production capacity of special special varieties with high-end varieties and technical complexity is insufficient. The formation of the domestic modern ink industry started relatively late. Ink companies currently consist of three major components: state-owned enterprises, multinational companies that establish wholly-owned and joint ventures in China, and a large number of joint-stock or private companies that form the ink industry group. In the initial period of reform and opening up, our technological development level was far behind that of foreign countries. Although China can lead the world in some basic research and high-tech development, we can't get much from the poor family. Money is used for education and scientific research. Coupled with the lack of innovative mechanisms for a long time, they have to take short cuts in the development and innovation of new products. Free riders can imitate or imitate, and can copy and copy, forming a serious track to imitate the dependence of advanced foreign technologies. In the case where the enterprise’s own technological development power is not enough, tracking the phenomenon of mimicry or the introduction of foreign technology is a specific phenomenon in the process of economic development in developing countries. It takes the people’s things and takes them through gradual innovation. Such examples Many in the world, such as South Korea and Japan, have all come this way. Therefore, the introduction of foreign modern ink technology is necessary, it is important to actively absorb in the introduction process, and have independent innovation of advanced technology, have their own intellectual property rights. In the market to find a blank point, the development of patented technology with its own characteristics. If we rely on imitation blindly, we can only run behind people. Some aspects may not keep up with it. The survival and development of enterprises are severely restricted. According to data reports, the raw materials on which inks are used to survive, taking the chemical industry as an example, of the 300 varieties of pigments or dyes, 80% are imitations. Of the 3,600 varieties produced by fine chemicals, they are imitation or low-grade products, which amounts to 97%. %-98%. Domestic enterprises with independent development capabilities are minimal, domestic ink production is approximately 180,000-200,000 tons, and 70% of production is solely funded or produced by joint ventures. To date, no company has produced and sold 10% of its total output. This formed on the one hand no one can provide high-end quality ink, causing the high-end market is almost blank, on the other hand, concentrated in the middle and low-grade products, people grab food. This vicious competition will inevitably cause the consequences of lack of development momentum for all companies. Ink companies must establish their own R&D system. They cannot rely solely on scientific research institutes and research and development of institutions of higher learning. After all, research institutes and enterprises have a certain dislocation in the treatment of development projects. Scientific research units pay attention to the advanced nature of the pursuit of scientific research. Enterprises need the market demand after the project transformation, and the pursuit is to maximize profits. In fact, a large amount of innovations are required in the production process, and it is necessary to focus on solving the product's comprehensive supporting capabilities and integrated technology development. Enterprises often ignore the innovation of the technological process, blindly pursue what the "high level, large efficiency, good market prospects" of the project, it is better to do their own projects well done.

Second, to strengthen the theoretical study of ink and the cultivation of scientific and technological personnel

There is a certain gap between domestic ink and imported ink. The reason is that there are few institutions doing ink theoretical research in China, and there are scarce talents. According to the author's knowledge, there is an ink research institute in Tianjin. There is only one "ink" journal. Only 4-5 monographs on ink can be found, and the content is similar, there is no new knowledge, new content is added, theoretical research and The atmosphere of scientific and technological information exchange has not been formed. China has now become the fourth largest ink producing country in the world after the United States, Japan, and Germany. However, in terms of technical content, we are far from the top three. Although science has no borders, but each country’s science will naturally form its own group, and it needs its own journal as a support. Sci-tech journals are important carriers for disseminating science and technology and delivering scientific and technological information. One does not have its own high-quality journal or call it The countries of the "Science and Technology Exhibition Hall" cannot form their own strong research groups and scientific research positions. Ink is essentially a technology-intensive fine chemical product, which involves multidisciplinary and multidisciplinary expertise. Due to the wide variety of inks, high technology density, high added value, strong confidentiality, and fierce market competition, more and more people are lacking, and professionals who are proficient in modern ink knowledge theory are rare. In the face of an endless stream of new ink technologies and new varieties in the world, the knowledge reserves of China's ink practitioners are already aging. This situation is the crux of the current difficulty in cultivating and using talent. When it comes to the issue of talented people, some enterprises have a high level of leadership. They always keep their eyes on colleges and universities and research institutes. They are blind to the talents around them and do not pay attention to the development and training of internal talents. However, in developed countries in the world, the training of employees has become more and more important. A professor from the University of Tokyo said, “A few good companies in Japan are all excellent technology groups made up of some excellent workers, excellent technicians, and outstanding management personnel. They can accomplish outstanding work and create excellent products. Enterprises have the ability to compete in the industry. "Developing brain resources is the most cost-effective investment for companies. An entrepreneur in the United States emphasized that “our company is the most valuable person. Selling products is more important than manufacturing products. Training talents is more important than selling products.” The development and use of talent also depends on the degree of internal incentives in the company. Compared with human capital, physical capital is not motivated, because human capital has an independent characteristic, that is, its existence is personal and scalable, and it is a positive and active factor when it is recognized under a good mechanism. When the system is bad, it will become a passive negative factor. The value it generates can be positive, zero, or negative. BAUMOL puts forward in a study that everything depends on how the system (including the incentive mechanism, the definition of ownership, the availability of information, etc.) determines the benefits of various activities. He gave an example: "In ancient Chinese society, the state established A very difficult scientific examination system used high-level officials to guide gentlemen to spend intellectual resources on fields that are unrelated to scientific and economic progress, so the society has stagnated."