Now the ecological environment on our planet is already very poor, mainly after the Industrial Revolution, we only pay attention to improving production, and ignore the protection of the environment. Because of the large amount of greenhouse gas emissions and the massive deforestation, the Arctic and Arctic ice melts, sea levels rise, and the global climate is abnormal. In recent years, the problem of desertification in China has intensified, and many cities have been frequently hit by sandstorms. This is caused by simply pursuing economic benefits and overgrazing, and the destruction of forests and vegetation. The problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, causing great harm to human health, and the incidence of some diseases has been greatly increased. As the traditional printing industry, the main sources of environmental pollution: ink, fountain solution, film and non-fixing fluid, plastic film, oily glazing materials, etc. With the growing voice of environmental protection, environmental protection, as an eternal topic of maintaining human living environment, has gradually become the indispensable responsibility of the printing industry, especially the packaging and printing industry. To solve the environmental pollution problem in the packaging and printing industry, there must be a comprehensive set of solutions. With the increasing awareness of consumers on environmental protection, when choosing a product, consumers pay more attention to the outer packaging of the product in addition to paying attention to the product itself. Along with this trend, printing companies whose main output is the outer packaging of their products, green production and environmental protection are like a huge banner, and they have also become an integral part of their core competitiveness. In all aspects of printing, various raw materials and auxiliary materials are very important. In printing companies, which of the printed packaging products can be in direct contact with food, which are degradable, and what factors affect the environment during the production process, these are the things that each of us printing workers must think about problem.
1. Printing materials-paper
From the perspective of affecting the environment, packaging materials are an important factor that directly affects the environment, so the choice of packaging materials should meet the requirements of green environmental protection. The evolution of consumer demand for paper (common packaging-high-end packaging) can intuitively reflect the replacement trend of packaging materials (white cardboard-gold and silver cardboard). In terms of the selection of raw materials, the vacuum aluminized paper and composite gold and silver paperboard in gold and silver paperboard are characterized by their good finish, high smoothness, bright color, bright appearance, strong visual impact, moisture resistance, and significant antioxidant effect. Greatly meet the visual effect and use effect, and improve the grade of printing and packaging products. However, from the perspective of environmental protection, the use of a large amount of metal luster and high-luminance Aluminum Foil composite or PET coated cardboard and other non-degradable materials is easy to cause environmental pollution and inevitably brings an environmental crisis. Combined with the final realization of product packaging, the most obvious ways of printing environmental protection advantages are: traditional four-color ordinary paper printing, white card paper printing metal ink and large-area bronzing technology, and vacuum aluminum plating materials to replace composite aluminum foil paper printing. The use of recycled paper in packaging and printing is also the future trend, but in practical applications, recycled paper has low paper strength, insufficient ink drying, easy scratching, insufficient whiteness of the paper, and poor abrasion resistance. It limits its application to a certain extent. range. Although the printability of recycled paper is not comparable to that of traditional pulp paper, its potential is huge from an environmental point of view. Changing the physical properties of the paper can also receive good results, such as dyeing and embossing to improve the uniqueness and novelty of the product. With the deepening of people's environmental awareness, printing companies should pay more attention to improving the environmental performance of packaging and printing, and choose energy-saving, low-consumption, non-toxic, non-polluting, reusable, easy to dissolve, multifunctional, and pollution-free packaging materials.
2. Ink
Ink is indispensable in the printing industry and is used in large amounts, but it is the most serious harm to human health and the environment. The printing ink is composed of pigment, linking agent, solvent and auxiliary agent. At the application level of the ink, the volatilization of VOC (volatile organic compounds) in the ink can cause a serious greenhouse effect, form photochemical smog, and damage the human nervous system. In addition, the heavy metal elements such as tongs, chromium, mercury, etc. in the ink pigments, if the inks containing heavy metals are used for food packaging or the printing of items in close contact with the human body, will also cause certain harm. In order to reduce the damage of ink to the environment, the trend of using environmentally friendly ink becomes more and more obvious. For example: water-based ink, uv ink, soybean ink and other new environmentally friendly inks. The representative of the new environmentally friendly ink is vegetable ink. At present, the most common offset printing is soybean ink. The vegetable oil extracted from soybean is a non-mineral oil. These inks with vegetable oil as the main body meet the requirements of environmental protection and the trend of environmental protection in the future. Special attention should be paid to the content of heavy metal elements such as pliers, chromium, mercury, etc. on the exported packaging and printed matter. The European Commission (ROHS Directive) stipulates: since July 1, 2006, new electronic equipment products (including product packaging materials) sold on the EU market require no lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) ), Hexavalent chromium (Cr + 6), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and other six hazardous substances, clearly specifying lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr + 6) and The maximum allowable content of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) is 0.1%, and the maximum allowable content of cadmium (Cd) is 0.01%.
3. Printing method
In the packaging and printing industry, the actual effect of printing is closely related to the selected printing method. According to the current status of the industry, the choice of printing methods will have a direct or indirect impact on the environment. In the main methods of flat, convex, concave, and other four printing methods, the bottleneck of offset (lithographic) environmental protection applications is ink and fountain solution. In addition to the use of environmentally friendly offset inks, the current trend is to try waterless offset printing The traditional offset fountain solution contains volatile organic compounds such as volatile isopropyl alcohol, which will be inhaled by the human body for a long time, which will affect the function of the kidneys and lungs. Anhydrous offset printing uses non-solvent ink on the one hand and ink repellent on the other. The printing plate coated with silicone resin can absorb ink and remove the coating in the graphics and text to realize the transfer of graphics and text, so no fountain solution is needed to achieve water-ink balance. The bottleneck of environmental protection applications of gravure printing and screen printing (stencil printing) is ink; relatively flat, concave, and other three printing methods, flexible printing in other printing has obvious advantages in environmental protection applications: it uses water-based inks and does not contain poison Organic matter, just in line with the green development trend of modern packaging and printing. The biggest feature of water-based ink is that it significantly reduces VOC emissions, thereby reducing air pollution and improving the working environment of the printing workshop.
Fourth, the printing process
In the entire process of printing, the choice of printing method has a great impact on the environment, but in addition to the environmental impact factors brought by the raw materials and auxiliary materials themselves in the actual work, various improvements in the production process can also receive certain effect. In the printing process, the random discharge (treatment) of untreated dampening waste liquid, car wash waste liquid, varnish waste liquid, cleaning plate waste liquid, water bucket waste liquid, waste ink tank and other liquids and solids will also be natural Environmental hazards. In response to this situation, enterprises must carry out planned and step-by-step environmental transformation according to conventional methods, such as the construction of waste liquid filtration systems (including precipitation, filtration, centrifugal treatment, etc.), and the establishment of centralized recycling of waste products to reduce environmental impact. Impact. This mainly depends on the strength of the company's environmental awareness and the size of the social responsibility the company shoulders.
5. Post-press processing
In the post-printing process, processes such as laminating, glue use, and product protection are equally important. For example, the film, because the film covering the surface of the printed matter is as difficult to degrade as other plastic products, it is easy to cause white pollution on the one hand, and the paper after the film cannot be recycled again. In view of this situation, the promotion and use of a brand new pad printing (transfer film) technology has received a very good environmental effect evaluation. The key of pad printing (transfer film) technology is the production of pad printing film, which uses the principle of optical vision to form a holographic film-like effect on the surface of printed matter through pressure and connecting agent during the process of contact between the pad and the printed product. However, the transfer film can be reused many times. The effect of the product after printing can be comparable to the effect of the film. At the same time, the printing product can be waterproof and degradable, which is beneficial to environmental protection. In terms of glazing, water-based varnish is used to ensure that the printed products are non-toxic and tasteless.
Six, internal system
Introduce an internationally mature system to standardize corporate behavior and enhance the company's comprehensive management and control capabilities. Such as the ISO14000S environmental management system, of which ISO14001 is the basic standard of the environmental management series of standards, and is the basis for enterprises to establish and implement environmental management systems and pass certification. Its basic idea is to prevent and reduce environmental impact and continuously improve environmental management. The printing industry should learn from and use the ISO14001 environmental management system to continuously improve the environment and prevent pollution.
In short, with the global environmental pollution and the destruction of the ecological environment intensifying, the call for caring about life, the environment and development is increasing. Establishing awareness of environmental protection and vigorously developing green packaging industry has become an important way to break the green barriers of international trade and promote the development of China's environmental protection cause. It is also an inevitable choice for sustainable development. For printing companies, there is currently an atmosphere of environmental protection, but what is important is how the printing companies can implement specific requirements. Environmental protection is a challenge and opportunity brought by new technologies and markets. It is an important part of the development of the enterprise in the long and short term. The Chinese government has also accelerated the pace of environmental protection, increased the intensity of environmental protection, and promulgated many laws and regulations on environmental protection. To ensure their steady development, enterprises must adapt to the country's new policies and changing rhythms, adjust environmental protection measures, and solve the pollution problems involved in production and customer products.
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