Bookbinding method

(The Method of Finishing) The current binding methods can be divided into four types: mechanical binding, perfect binding, saddle-stitch binding, and sewing binding. Mechanical binding and loose-leaf binding Mechanical binding, often using metal plastic wire, etc., is used to fix individual pages, make books and booklets, and then add another spine. This method of mechanical binding can easily be misunderstood because it is currently the least mechanical method of binding. But in the past, most books were hand-bound, and semi-automatic mechanical binding appeared to be a breakthrough. Now, the scope of mechanical binding has been expanded to loose-leaf binding. Leaflet binding allows users to add or remove individual pages based on their own situation. In some loose-leaf publications, the edges are often marked with holes in circles, squares or rectangles, and then the pages are bound by them. These two types of binding must be carried out before the punching and stapling, and the book pages should be sorted out and the posts and cutting work must be carried out on all sides. The use of mechanical matching or manual operation depends on the size of the workload. In mechanical binding, separate double covers can be assembled with the inner pages, while single covers must be handled separately. In loose-leaf binding, loose-leaf pages are bound in durable binders. The advantage of these two kinds of binding is that the page can be fully deployed and flat, and the spine is not easily damaged. Wire and plastic rods are mechanically bound: its method is to use a wire or plastic rod for spiral binding, the machine will spiral them through a small hole in the edge of the printed material, and then pass the wire or plastic rod, after Tie the head and fix the prints together. Durable metal wires are commercially available in a variety of sizes; plastic rods that are durable and not easily broken are also readily available. Closed-loop and plastic staple binding are two other mechanical binding methods. Closed-loop binding consists of a number of parallel wires, which are automatically locked after drilling through the edge of the print, and then the prints are held together. When stapling with plastic staples, the plastic nails attached to the plastic strips are drilled through the edges of the prints, and are spliced ​​together by another plastic strip underneath. After using these two binding methods, the page cannot be added or removed at will. Loose-leaf binding: The simplest loose-leaf binding is the use of plastic clips. Place the prints inside, attach a transparent cover, and use pressure to fix the prints. Other loose-leaf bindings are nothing more than one or two of the following two methods: elastic ring or stud binding. The use of spring coil binding also uses pressure to clamp the edges of the prints, but in this case, their covers are very strong and are bound together with the cover. As long as the coil or hook is opened, the page can be replaced directly. Stud binding, the advantage is that it can be expanded, there is no problem with a loose-leafed book, but the disadvantage is that when the page is added or removed, it must be completely opened. The loose-leaf binding applies to industrial product manuals, catalogues, manuals, financial statements, and other printed products that are frequently required for replacement. Because the cost of replacing an individual page is much lower than the cost of replacing the entire text file. Binding Perfect Binding is a type of binding that fixes the printed pages on the spine with glue. This method is particularly suitable for books or magazines with a thickness of about 2 inches (51 mm). A bound book usually has a sharp spine, a soft, thick cover. The cover can be glued to the spine together with the book block. Although adhesives are used for various types of thread, glue binding will never include the way of binding. Perfect binding uses only glue binding. The most used binders are book printers and binders who produce soft covers, paperbacks, and wrapping books. Soft covers are also frequently used in phone books and catalogues. Binding: It is generally used on the online binding line, and works with collating machines, milling back machines, roughing, gluing, upper cover and trimming machines. Because the trimming machine is used in a variety of bindings, it will be discussed separately in later chapters. Matching machine: Matching posts is to put each book in a sequence one press and one put together. The distribution machine can be connected to a web of paper, and it can process the folded signatures online, or it can handle the signatures uploaded directly from the folding machine. On the posting machine, each signature has a dedicated loading device. According to the difference in the number of composing books and magazines, the number of feeders equipped with post machines can be increased from less than ten to more than thirty-two. The feeding system of the distribution machine is designed in various ways, such as rotary wheel type and swing arm type systems. With a post, a good signature (ie book block) will be sent to the milling and backing process. Milling and backing: The book block advances along a spiral track and changes from horizontal to vertical. After the book block went upright and entered the binder machine, it was clamped tightly by a vise. At this time, the booklet will reveal about 1/8-inch (3 mm) spines at the lower end. This exposed part will be polished and roughened to prepare for gluing. After the excess signature folds were chopped off by a knife or saw, all the paper was ready to absorb glue. Alternative methods of milling and backing: The notching or squeegee can increase the spine's absorption of glue without the milling and backing process. It removes the signature folds and extends the life of the printed product. When using this method, cut a large groove in the back of the book and remove about 1/4 inch (6 mm) piece. This groove was filled with glue and the pages were glued to the spine. Cut-out method refers to a method of punching the edge of a book with a punching device mounted on a printing machine or a stand-alone folder, so that the glue enters the hole to strengthen the adhesion of the paper. The punching method is similar to the cut-out method. It cuts a slit on the spine, leaving only the final flap, so that a notch is formed at the spine to facilitate the penetration of glue. Both methods are better. Gluing: In the still clamped state, after the book block is roughened by milling, it enters the gluing process. The gluing area includes a glue tank and two gluing rollers. The gluing roller applies the glue to the spine, and the rotating head measures the thickness of the glue, about 0,020 inches (0.5 mm), so that the thickness and uniformity of the glue are controlled. If secondary gluing is required, a gluing device with two glue tanks can be used. First apply the spine evenly with a low-viscosity glue, stick the paper together, and then glue the cover with a thick layer of high-viscosity glue. If you want to bond thicker product catalogs, three gluing processes are often used. Package cover: After gluing, it comes to the wrapping stage. The cover is loaded into a dial or a continuous feed from the upper hopper. It first needs one to six indentations, then it is laid neatly and pressed onto the glued book block. The cover wrapper presses the book cover against the back of the spine. The two clamps clamp the front, back, left and right sides. When the clamp is released, the entire book is dropped onto the conveyor belt and is transported to the edge trimmer in a neat arrangement. Trimming opportunities separate the remaining pages. Sometimes glue binding also uses a harder cover, that is, a hard cover, which will be discussed later. Wire binding Some thin magazines and booklets are bound by wire nails at the spine hinges. This is an example of saddle stitching. Side binding refers to a method of binding books or booklets together in a direction parallel to the spine using preformed nails. Wire binding and wire binding are different, the former using metal nails, the latter using silk. There are small manual or foot-operated machines for riding and side binding, as well as large-scale automation equipment. When binding on the side, the signatures are stacked from top to bottom, similar to glue binding; when saddle stitching, the signatures are bound from the inside to the coat. Single-page or folded (usually four) signatures are sent horizontally to the binder from the side of the binding machine. The book can be placed at a certain angle, and the spine has to follow the binding head. Before binding, the flat-backed signature should be erected. The front of the page and the back of the spine should be loosened and aligned. A small needle on the conveyor chain or pusher pawl gently pushes the signature, enters the binding machine, and removes it after stapling. The increase in the quality of wireless glue glue has led many printers to begin abandoning the side-binding process. Compared with the side binding, the wireless binding can process large-volume printing materials, and the binding results are more neat and easier to operate. But for 1/4 inch (6 mm) prints, saddle stitching is still the best binding method available. The remainder of this section will focus on this discussion. The saddle-stitching machine is mainly composed of three parts: a bag (feeding device), a stapler head, and a trimming device on three sides. In general, they are referred to as the insert/stab/trimming line. Bags: Folded signatures are sent to the binding machine through bags. Before the signature is lowered along the saddle stitch bar, a mechanical "hand" is first used to flatten the signature with the vacuum suction device, and then the signature is lowered. A small needle that moves continuously along the conveyor belt moves the first signature off the riding rod and pushes it to the next pocket. At this point, the next signature falls over the top one. And so on until the entire stacking of the book blocks. In the last bag before the binding machine, the cover fell down and overlaid on the book block, and the entire work came to an end. If a book consists of four pages, then there are four bags on the binding machine. According to actual needs, you can also increase the bag. Some saddle stitchers even have twenty-two sacks. When a magazine is too thick and the bag is not enough, four, six or eight pages of paper can be added to a sixteen-page signature by sticking a single page to form a twenty-four page signature. Called a thickened book. Stapler: The operator can mount a caliper on the stapler to check if the book is too thick or too thin. In the case of missing pages or re-pages, the booklet will not be bound and will be automatically removed before trimming. These filtered books can be rechecked and bound, avoiding waste.