During stage performances, photographers sometimes need to close-up shots of different actors at different times. So, how can a cameraman quickly locate an actor? According to intuition, if all actors wear the same clothes, it may be more difficult for the cameraman to locate an actor; if the actors wear different clothes, positioning may be easier. So, is this really the case? In the laboratory, scientists use multiple object tracking (Multiple Object Tracking, MOT) experimental methods to study similar moving object tracking problems. Is the uniqueness of the target identity beneficial or disadvantageous to the performance of the multi-object tracking task? Previous studies have found seemingly contradictory results that target uniqueness promotes tracking, hinders tracking, and has no effect.
The research team of Fu Xiaolan, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the first time found the moderating effect of the factor of target identity complexity, that is, different complexity will produce different results. When the target identity is simple and easy to process, the uniqueness of the target will promote tracking; while when the target identity is more complex and consumes more attention resources, the uniqueness of the target will hinder the tracking. The study pointed out that the key to the uniqueness of the target lies in the trade-off between the tracking operation and the processing of target identity information in limited working memory.
The study includes three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 use Arabic numerals as the stimulus materials, and control the complexity by changing the length of the numbers (one digit to four digits); the stimulus materials of Experiment 3 are commonly used simplified Chinese characters, divided For simple and complex characters. In the experiment, the subjects need to track 5 targets in 10 items, and point out the positions of these 5 targets after the tracking ends. The results of the three experiments unanimously show that when all items have the same appearance, the tracking capacity is not affected by complexity; while when all items have different identities, the tracking capacity decreases as the complexity increases. In addition, when the goal is simple (one-digit or simple words), the performance of tracking different goals is better than tracking the performance of the same goal; when the goal is more complicated (four-digit or complex words), the performance of tracking different goals is worse than Track the performance of the same target; when the target complexity is medium (two-digit and three-digit), the performance of the two is equivalent.
When the goal is complex, the uniqueness of the goal hinders tracking performance. This shows that the identity processing in the multi-object tracking task is mandatory to a certain extent, and this mandatory identity processing has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, the identity of the target helps people confirm the tracked target and retrieve the lost target; on the other hand, the identity processing will occupy attention resources, so that the resources available for the tracking operation are reduced. The impact of target uniqueness on tracking is weighing the pros and cons. Perhaps the influence of the actors' different dress on the cameraman's tracking depends on the complexity of the costume.
This research was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program (2011CB302201) and the Wang Kuancheng Education Foundation. The research results have been published in Vision Research. (Liu, T., Chen, W *., Liu, C., & Fu, X. (2012). Benefits and costs of uniqueness in multiple object tracking: The role of object complexity. Vision Research, 66, 31–38 .)
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